學習筆記 Note｜Childcare：Module 1 - SunSmart online learning module

學習筆記 Note

CHCECE002 Ensure the health and safety of children

SunSmart online learning module

來源：いらすとや

Module 1

。background information on skin cancer, ultraviolet radiation, sun exposure

# Skin Cancer In Australia

Source: Cancer Council

．skin cancer: skin cells are damaged (overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun)

．approximately 2 in 3 Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer by the time they are 70

．melanmona is 3rd most common cancer in Aus women, 4th most common cancer in Aus men

．95-99% of skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun

# Types of Skin Cancer

．3 main types of skin cancer

    1. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC)

            ．most common type

            ．grow slowly over months or years

            ．usually found on sun exposed sites (upper body, head, neck area)

            ．small, round or flattened spots that are red, pale or pearly in colour

            ．scaly like a patch of eczema

            ．may look like an ulcer or sore that doesn't heal

    2. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC)

            ．account for one third of all skin cancers

            ．grow over months

            ．found on lips, ears, balding scalp that frequently exposed to the sun

            ．scaly red areas (may bleed easily), hard, red, scaly spots

            ．ulcers or non healing sores (often painful, may develop from solar keratoses)

            ．solar keratoses (= sun spots) = sun damage, but not a form of skin cancer

    3. Melanoma

            ．most dangerous and aggressive type of skin cancer

            ．anywhere on the body (even not exposed to the sun)

            ．frequently on upper back (male), lower leg (female)

            ．can start in normal looking skin, in a freckle, a mole

。'non-melanoma skin cancer' = basal and squamous cell carcinoma

Source: Cancer Council

# The Sun and Your Skin

．ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes skin cancer, eye damage and premature ageing

．skin does not have to burn for skin damage to occur

．smoke and alcohol affect skin condition

．the more time spent under the sun, the greater the difference in skin texture, tone and condition

# About UV Radiation

．3 types of UV radiation

        1. UVA - causes skin cancer & ageing

        2. UVB - causes skin cancer & burning

        3. UVC - not reach the ground, filter out by atmosphere

．cannot be seen by eyes or felt on the skin

．the heat of sun = infrared rays

# The UV Index

．international scale for reporting the strength of UV radiation from the sun

．the higher the UV index, the quicker your skin can be damaged by the sun

．UV Index 3 or ↑ = need sun protection

Source: World Health Organization (2002) Global UV Index: A practical guide

# The UV Index Forecast

．forecast by the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM)

．UV level affected by time of day, time of year, cloud cover, altitude, how close you are to the equator (north or south, not east or west), scattering, reflection

Source: Cancer Council

# Changing UV Radiation Levels

．Summer

Source: Cancer Council

Source: Cancer Council

．Winter

Source: Cancer Council

Source: Cancer Council

# More Information about UV Radiation

．reflect by light coloured surfaces (sand, water, concrete) → increase the amount of UV

．penetrate water by more than 50cm

# The Sun and Your Health

．need some sunlight to keep us healthy

．exposure to the sun (in summer, as little as 5 mins, by exposing face, arms, hands) → vitamin D → essential for absorbing calcium, maintain healthy bones (action of UVB)

．X recommend totally avoid the sun

# Who is at Risk?

．everyone

．greater risk of developing skin cancer if you have:

            > fair skin that burns easily and does not tan

            > olive or tanned skin

            > blue/green eyes and/or fair or red hair

            > suffered sunburn in the past

            > spent childhood in Aus

            > large number of freckles, moles, sunspots

            > family/personal history of skin cancer

            > use solarium/sunbed/sunlamp

．naturally dark skin → provide some protection

            > work/spend a lot of time under the sun

# Quiz

Q: Does shade provide complete protection from UV radiation?

A: No, shade provides some protection, but you also need to consider reflected UV radiation

Q: On a clear sky 20℃ January day your exposed skin is just as likely to burn as on a clear sky 40℃ January day

A: Yes